Concrete building



I. T. SIMPSON.

CONCRETE BUILDING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. e, 19H1.

1,409,25 1. l Patented Mar. 14, 1922.

J7 for .Mm/WM- fi ya? PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN T. SIMPSON, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

CONCRETE BUILDING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 14,l 1922.

Application led March 6, 1918. Serial No. 220,708.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN T. SnuPsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, vcounty of Essex, and State of N ew Jersey, have invented a certain new and `useful improvement in Concrete Buildings, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to concrete structures, and more particularly to what may be termed a composite structure composed of Shop cast reinforced concrete elements, ield cast reinforced concrete elements, metal sheathing or lathing, moisture-proof sheeting, and exterior and interior coatings applied on the job.

The objects of my invention are to provide a fire-proofbuilding of great simplicity and rheapness, which will be moisture and frost proof, of which nearly all of the members going to make up the structure will be built in a factory and therefore rbe made under the best possible conditions and by means of permanent apparatus whereby the elements may be perfect as regards dimensions, densityr and finish and wherebiv they may be manufactured at a minimum cost.

rihese and further objects will more fully appear in the following specification and accompanying drawings considered together or separately.

I have illustrated one embodiment of my invention jin the accompanying.drawings in which like partsl are designated by similar characters of reference and in which-.-

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a wall of a building constructed according to my invention, the section being taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig-1.

Fig. 3 is a section Fic'. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail horizontal section illustrating the ymanner of Securing shop-cast sills, lintels, struts and braces in position.

vFig. 5 is a detail perspective view of a sho -cast stud.

lig. 6 is a detail sectional view of the field cast. belt or ribbon.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a house constructed according to my invention, the outer surface being removed.

Fig. 8 isa detail sectional view of a moditied form of ooring.

Fig. 9 is a detail view' of a modification.

Von the line 3 3 of Fig. 10 is a detail sectional` view illustrating one method of waterproofing.

Fig. 11 is a similar view of a modification.

Fig. 12 is a detail view of another modiication.

Fig. 13 is a similar view of a further modiiication, and

Fig. 14 is a plan View of a partition stud.

In carrying out my invention l provide a building comprising shop cast studs 17 sills 2,1lintels'or headings 3, beams and rafters 4 and struts or braces 5, of reinforced concrete.

The studs for exterior walls and interior partitions are preferably of a length approximately equal to the distance between the floor and ceiling of each story of the building to be erected. Each stud is notched as at 6 for the reception of the end of the sill, lintel or strut as the case may be. The ends of each stud 1 are each provided with a cavity 7 for .a purpose to be presently described. ln the bottom of each notch 6 is a similar cavity 8 and the ends of each sill, lintel and strut has a similar cavity 9.

The reinforcements 10 of each stud project from the end thereof and the reinforcements 11 of the beams and rafteis likewise project from the ends of those members.

Opposite faces of the studs 1, lintels 3 and struts 5 are provided with wire loops orv hairpins 12 anchored therein with the bights projecting therefrom. The floor beams 4 have similar loops 13 projecting from their lower edges.

ln erecting the building a foundation course 14 is placed in position 'to define the shapes of the building with its rooms, halls, etc. The course 14: may be either tield or shop cast, preferably the former. If field cast its reinforcing members are placed in position within a mold having an offset at its inner upper edge and the concrete is poured. intol the mold. When the level of the course 14 reaches a certain height thc studs 1 are placed where desired with thc projecting reinforcements extending into the mold. `Before the studs are so placed a dowel 15 is positioned in the cavity 7 at the lower end thereof and the cavity is filled with concrete. The mold is now filled with concrete to its ultima-te height embedding the projecting reinforcements and the projecting ends of the dowels.

A dowel 16 is seated in the cavities 8 of each stud and the cavities are filled with concrete. The cavities 9 in the ends of the sills,

Vlintels and struts are illed with concreate., ,andy

before the same hardeiis and during the positioning of the studs the doivelslj'are forced into the cavities 9 thereby rigidly se- @urrshe .Sa-irl, members. t0 the .studs .and retaining the same in their vertical positions.

If desired the horizontal membeisniay be provided lWith integral dovvels 17V to. fitin sof'ckets'lS inthe'st'u'ds 'as shvvn in'` Fig. V12 or tliedoivels 17. mayy be grouted in place in the; notches. 6 asshowii at 19in rig, i3.

lA mold is now placed in position at the upper endsof tliestuds l and enclosing'the projecting 'reinforcements 10. A dovvel pin 2O ispplaced in lan upright position in the cavityv 7` at thetop of earchl stud. Reinforcements 2l' are positioned iii theimold. The ends of the floor beanfisor rafters, as tli'ef calse may be,lare placedkin posiionpywith their endsresting on the studs thus far positioned and with their yprojecting reinforcements projecting intothe mold and preferably; engaging the 'reinforcements 2l. Vlflie *inner* upper edge ofthe ii'iold is offsetwfoi" a pur pofse'to1 beinentioned.

Liquid concrete is( novvpoured'linto the d mold filling the same,y enclosing the endsvo-f the beams, embedding the reinforcements 21V and .the projecting reinforcements of the studs and beams, and filling the cavities f? inV tlie'topf of the studs and embedding the'l dOW'el'pinsNQOf. Before theconcrete infthe mold hardens fa doivel pin 22 I is .forced into tlieffc'oiicrete of the field castmember -23 in. themold vand directly over each pinv 2O `and the framing for tliejneirt Astory of the build; ingr VisGrected as before.

`Theeffsets.inthelniolds of tlieweld eastk members 14 anfl...23lpermt the. formation 0f. a shelfl2-1.. Thefield Vcast inemberQBwWill extend f around t the 'entire' building in the.

forin of a belt or spandi'el 'beaiii.` The shelf Qwill support the floors between the beams 4. and at the walls paralleluto, the beams.

The outer surfacelof the building lcomposed of metal lathing or sheathingQ cov-y ered` with stucco 26 and the interior` Walls Mid Partteiis 'aremadelofsimilar lthn's Icovered with plastiri'i. The l ,lathiiig of Sheathisfmaybe f any desired form and isspaced avvayrfr'oin the shop -cast members ,means of vspacers 427 in order that there will be an airspace between the enteA rior and interior coverings even :it the Vfield andvshop cast members. The spacers 27 may bev integral with' the lathing as shown 10l or may beV separate elementsasshown in Fig. 11..

' Asheet QSVQf-.moisturefproof materialisV used in conjunction With themlathi'ng or* sheathing to" prevent moisture fromnpenetrating the Wallsh lf" desired a plurality of sheets of such Water-proof may' be utiliof concrete. is laid upon the lathin secured to thetops of thefbeams ineafnsf of loops or liairpins 33 and a concrete 2%. laid. vthereon as slioWn'inlFigfS. n

The Vceilings 35 are constructed pin l. the

same manner as are the interior lWallsandV secured iiiv place by means ofthe loops 13.

ln.' structures designedi I to carry heavy loads I may provideV 'field Vcastbraces Vor brackets 36 as shown in Fig. 9.1 The studs 5 i and beams 4: may be notched as atv 37 to" expose one or more 'of theirrein'forcements- Supplemental reinforcements 88 lay be atri taclied to such exposed portion.. VA moldf in which reinforcing members are .laid is placedin position and the vmemberv 36 cast" therein vand 'embeds the supplemental reinl i'oi-cements.

)it the tops of the partition studs39 :i

mold t0 isplaced in position and 'concrete is'poured into it to the level .of the. tops of the beams 4 to embed the projectingfreiii'- forcement-s aiidftogform a foui'ii'daticinI for the next superposed stud.

In accordance' With the provisions ofthe pateiit statutes,` lA have described the principle of my invention, together VVWith-the means which I consider to represent "the best embodiment thereof, but I1de'siie`to have it'i'iiid'eistood'that such' Vmeans vare. merely illustrative and the invention Vmay be carried out iii. other Ways.v Y Y Having now described my' invention what l claim and desire tof'seciii'e' by 'Letters Patent is asfolloivvslzl;

li A building comprising vertical shop cast reinforced concrete elementsl arranged end to end and*l spaced apartfafnd lsidev by.

side and spaced apart; a. field cast reinforced concrete member formed "between tliefoor andceiling between the ends of said vertCal elementsu'to securefthe'end's'to one another and 'eiteiiding' from one pair of fopposing vertical "elements to vadjacent pair of ver-v tical opposing elements, and ya*projecting load carrying ledge. or shelf extendingfthe entire length of tlieiieldT cast member Yfand floor beams having endsfembedded Aiu miseriasmember 2l A building comprising a series of vertical shop A castvreinfor'ce'd 'concrete elements spaced Yapart,there beirigj'a'conieal socket intiem@@Wiesmann@defending from the bottomdirninished'eiidl of each i ao socket, a horizontal field cast reinforced concrete load carrying member engaging the end of each of the vertical elements and flowing into the sockets thereby embedding the pins.

3. A building comprising a series of vertical shop cast reinforced concrete elements spaced apart, there being a conical socket in each end of each element, a pin extending from the bottom diminished end of each socket, a horizontal field cast reinforced concrete load carrying member engaging each end of the vertical elements and flowing into the sockets thereby embedding the ins.

4. A building comprising a series o vertical shop cast reinforced concrete elements spaced apart, there being notches in each element, said notches being in alignment, a shop cast reinforced concrete element extending horizontally between adjacent vertical elements, the ends of the members resting in aligned notches, there being a socket in each vertical element at the bottom of each notch, there being a similar socket in each end of each horizontal element in alignment with the notch sockets, a pin or dowel engaging adjoining sockets, said sockets being filled with green concrete whereby the said pin is temporarily positioned and upon setting of the concrete in the sockets is rigidly secured within said sockets and forms Vpart of the reinforcing systems of both eleyments.

A. building comprising a series of verticaly shop cast reinforced concrete elements spaced apart, there being horizontal grooves in each element, shop cast reinforced concrete elements arrangedv horizontally between the vertical elements and supported lathing or sheathing secured to the loops, v

and a field made coating of plastic material secured to the lathing or sheathing, said coating forming the entire exposed surface of the walls of the building.

6. A building comprising a series of vertical shop cast reinforced concrete elements spaced apart, there being notches in each element, said notches being in alignment, a shop cast reinforced concrete element extending horizontally between adjacent vertical elements, the ends of the members resting in aligned notches, there being a socket in each vertical element at the bottom of each notch, there being a similar socket inA each end of each horizontal element in `alignment with the notch sockets, a. pin or dow'el engaging adjoining sockets, said sockets being lilled with green concrete whereby the said pin is temporarily positioned and upon setting of the concrete in the sockets is rigidly secured within said sockets, and forms part of the reinforcing systems of both elements, and a spandrel beam of field cast reinforced concrete binding the ends of all of the vertical elements together.

This specification signed and witnessed this 2nd day of March, 1918.

JOHN T. SIMPSON.

Witnees:

ETHEL N. JONES, FLORENCE I. CAIMAN. 

